Evolution?
Vestigiality
Junk DNA or junk science?
Wikipedia - Vestigiality
The concept of vestigiality applies to genetically determined structures or attributes that have apparently lost most or all of its ancestral function in a given species.
The concept of vestigiality applies to genetically determined structures or attributes that have apparently lost most or all of its ancestral function in a given species.
Jerry Coyne -
Why Evolution Is True
We humans have many vestigial features proving that we evolved. The most famous is the appendix.
We humans have many vestigial features proving that we evolved. The most famous is the appendix.
Evolutionists try to make themselves and the world believe that some organs or bodyparts are the useless remains of evolution.
Of course they see everything through the colored glasses of evolution. In his book
Science on Trial: The Case for Evolution fanatic evolutionist
Douglas Futuyma went as far as to say that vestigial structures make no sense without
evolution. According to evolutionists
"vestigial organs and structures, once useful in an ancestor and now diminished in size, complexity, and/or utility, carry important information and give us clues to our evolutionary past". Of course
mainstream science,
media and fanatic followers of evolution are full of it
(1,
2,
3,
4,
5, etcetera).
But what about reality? Are they really useless or do they have
important functions?
Slowly but surely the world is now catching up with this evolutionary myth...
Wisdom teeth
Leonard MS - Removing third molars: a review for the general practitioner
It is now widely acknowledged today that these teeth are not rudimentary or vestigial: they aid in chewing our food as do all of our other 28 teeth. The outdated vestigial organ conclusion, though, has influenced the extraction of billions of teeth, the removal of many which may have been unnecessary according to current research.
It is now widely acknowledged today that these teeth are not rudimentary or vestigial: they aid in chewing our food as do all of our other 28 teeth. The outdated vestigial organ conclusion, though, has influenced the extraction of billions of teeth, the removal of many which may have been unnecessary according to current research.
Tania Narula, S.P.S. Sodhi, Gursimrat Kaur Brar - Wisdom behind removal of wisdom teeth
Third-molar surgery or the removal of the impacted third molars is a multibillion-dollar industry generating significant income for the dental practitioners, particularly oral and maxillofacial surgeons. It is driven by myths and misinformation that have been exposed before but that continue to be propagated by the profession.
Third-molar surgery or the removal of the impacted third molars is a multibillion-dollar industry generating significant income for the dental practitioners, particularly oral and maxillofacial surgeons. It is driven by myths and misinformation that have been exposed before but that continue to be propagated by the profession.
Many evolutionists sell wisdom teeth as useless remains of
evolution. But wisdom teeth simply aid in chewing food.
Today wisdom teeth are no longer pulled for no reason, but only when they cause pain or trouble. There is a creationist article about wisdom teeth called
Are wisdom teeth (third molars) vestiges of human evolution?
which makes much more sense than most of the biased stuff written by evolution fanatics.
Human tailbone
Kenneth S. Saladin -
100 Mysteries of Science Explained
[The Coccyx] is an attachment point of a number of muscles at the pelvis. We need it for upright locomotion. It would be catastrophic if it went away.
[The Coccyx] is an attachment point of a number of muscles at the pelvis. We need it for upright locomotion. It would be catastrophic if it went away.
David N. Menton -
Essays on Origins
Many modern biology textbooks give the erroneous impression that the human coccyx has no real function other than to remind us of the "inescapable fact" of evolution. In fact, the coccyx has some very important functions. Several muscles converge from the ring-like arrangement of the pelvic (hip) bones to anchor on the coccyx, forming a bowl-shaped muscular floor of the pelvis called the pelvic diaphragm. The incurved coccyx with its attached pelvic diaphragm keeps the many organs in our abdominal and pelvic cavities from literally falling through between our legs. Some of the pelvic diaphragm muscles are also important in controlling the elimination of waste from our body through the rectum.
Many modern biology textbooks give the erroneous impression that the human coccyx has no real function other than to remind us of the "inescapable fact" of evolution. In fact, the coccyx has some very important functions. Several muscles converge from the ring-like arrangement of the pelvic (hip) bones to anchor on the coccyx, forming a bowl-shaped muscular floor of the pelvis called the pelvic diaphragm. The incurved coccyx with its attached pelvic diaphragm keeps the many organs in our abdominal and pelvic cavities from literally falling through between our legs. Some of the pelvic diaphragm muscles are also important in controlling the elimination of waste from our body through the rectum.
Even the evolutionist in the first article admits that the tailbone is important.
The creationist of the second article, although despised by many evolutionists, has it right. Time to flush the useless evolutionary explanation down the toilet.
Appendix
Duke University Medical Center - Evolution Of The Human Appendix: A Biological 'Remnant' No More
The lowly appendix, long-regarded as a useless evolutionary artifact, won newfound respect two years ago when researchers at Duke University Medical Center proposed that it actually serves a critical function. The appendix, they said, is a safe haven where good bacteria could hang out until they were needed to repopulate the gut after a nasty case of diarrhea, for example.
The lowly appendix, long-regarded as a useless evolutionary artifact, won newfound respect two years ago when researchers at Duke University Medical Center proposed that it actually serves a critical function. The appendix, they said, is a safe haven where good bacteria could hang out until they were needed to repopulate the gut after a nasty case of diarrhea, for example.
Evolution News - Vestigial Arguments About Vestigial Organs...
The appendix serves as a storehouse for probiotics and also provides a variety of immune-related functions, helping to produce and train white blood cells, as well as playing an important role during fetal development.
The appendix serves as a storehouse for probiotics and also provides a variety of immune-related functions, helping to produce and train white blood cells, as well as playing an important role during fetal development.
The appendix is probably the first to be mentioned by narrow-minded evolutionists as an example of a supposed "useless" body part.
But in reality the appendix is very useful. Of course people who are not forced to explain everything in line with evolution pointed this out long ago.
Body hair
Wikipedia - Androgenic hair (Function)
Androgenic hair provides tactile sensory input by transferring hair movement and vibration via the shaft to sensory nerves within the skin. ... Androgenic hair extends the sense of touch beyond the surface of the skin into the air and space surrounding it, detecting air movements as well as hair displacement from contact by insects or objects.
Androgenic hair provides tactile sensory input by transferring hair movement and vibration via the shaft to sensory nerves within the skin. ... Androgenic hair extends the sense of touch beyond the surface of the skin into the air and space surrounding it, detecting air movements as well as hair displacement from contact by insects or objects.
Wikipedia - Hair plexus
A hair plexus or root hair plexus is a special group of nerve fiber endings and serves as a very sensitive mechanoreceptor for touch sensation. Each hair plexus forms a network around a hair follicle and is a receptor, which means it sends and receives nerve impulses to and from the brain when the hair moves.
A hair plexus or root hair plexus is a special group of nerve fiber endings and serves as a very sensitive mechanoreceptor for touch sensation. Each hair plexus forms a network around a hair follicle and is a receptor, which means it sends and receives nerve impulses to and from the brain when the hair moves.
Evolutionists say that body hair is useless on humans. The function of body hair is even on biased Wikipedia.
Goose bumps
Scientific American - Why do humans get goose bumps...? (comment by Ken Fabian)
Goosebumps, by causing hairs to stand erect, extend the reach of our tactile sense to it's maximum distance beyond the skin. They also cause the hair shafts to separate which reduces the amount of dampening of movements and vibrations, thus increasing sensitivity to small stimuli.
Goosebumps, by causing hairs to stand erect, extend the reach of our tactile sense to it's maximum distance beyond the skin. They also cause the hair shafts to separate which reduces the amount of dampening of movements and vibrations, thus increasing sensitivity to small stimuli.
eNotes - What Is The Purpose Of Goose Bumps?
When a person is confronted with fear or cold, muscle fibers contract in the skin, forming goose bumps. This muscular activity produces heat, and thus raises the body temperature. (source: Marshall Cavendish Illustrated Encyclopedia of Family Health, vol. 19, p. 2052.)
When a person is confronted with fear or cold, muscle fibers contract in the skin, forming goose bumps. This muscular activity produces heat, and thus raises the body temperature. (source: Marshall Cavendish Illustrated Encyclopedia of Family Health, vol. 19, p. 2052.)
BBC - Homeostasis: Temperature regulation
Blood vessels leading to the skin capillaries become narrower - they constrict - letting less blood flow through the skin and conserving heat in the body.
Blood vessels leading to the skin capillaries become narrower - they constrict - letting less blood flow through the skin and conserving heat in the body.
Evolutionists say that goosebumps are useless.
The just-so stories they present in favor of their belief
are being demolished one by one by means of true science and a growing understanding of our
incredibly complex and ingenious body.
Junk DNA
Richard Dawkins -
The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution
It is a remarkable fact that the greater part (95 per cent in the case of humans) of the genome might as well not be there, for all the difference it makes.
It is a remarkable fact that the greater part (95 per cent in the case of humans) of the genome might as well not be there, for all the difference it makes.
L. E. Orgel, F. H. C. Crick - Selfish DNA: the ultimate parasite
The DNA of higher organisms usually falls into two classes, one specific and the other comparatively nonspecific. It seems plausible that most of the latter originated by the spreading of sequences which had little or no effect on the phenotype. We examine this idea from the point of view of the natural selection of preferred replicators within the genome.
The DNA of higher organisms usually falls into two classes, one specific and the other comparatively nonspecific. It seems plausible that most of the latter originated by the spreading of sequences which had little or no effect on the phenotype. We examine this idea from the point of view of the natural selection of preferred replicators within the genome.
This article was published in 1980. It shows how leading evolutionists explain that they expect large part of the genome to be the useless or
nonspecific remains of
evolution by random
mutations and
natural selection. However...
BBC - 'Junk' throws up precious secret
Despite all the questions that this research has raised, one thing is clear: scientists need to review their ideas about junk DNA. Professor Chris Ponting, from the UK Medical Research Council's Functional Genetics Unit, told BBC News Online: "Amazingly, there were calls from some sections to only map the bits of genome that coded for protein - mapping the rest was thought to be a waste of time. It is very lucky that entire genomes were mapped, as this work is showing."
Despite all the questions that this research has raised, one thing is clear: scientists need to review their ideas about junk DNA. Professor Chris Ponting, from the UK Medical Research Council's Functional Genetics Unit, told BBC News Online: "Amazingly, there were calls from some sections to only map the bits of genome that coded for protein - mapping the rest was thought to be a waste of time. It is very lucky that entire genomes were mapped, as this work is showing."
This is an example where evolutionists with their preconceived worldview obstruct scientific research in the field of
genetics. Due to the fanatic
belief that much of our DNA was supposed to be
functionless they prevented
science from doing proper and complete research.
This is another example of paradigm paralysis.
It was not the first time that expectations of evolutionists were on the wrong side of reality.
ENCODE Project -
An Integrated Encyclopedia of DNA Elements in the Human Genome
The human genome encodes the blueprint of life, but the function of the vast majority of its nearly three billion bases is unknown. The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has systematically mapped regions of transcription, transcription factor association, chromatin structure, and histone modification. These data enabled us to assign biological functions for 80% of the genome, in particular outside of the well-studied protein-coding regions.
The human genome encodes the blueprint of life, but the function of the vast majority of its nearly three billion bases is unknown. The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has systematically mapped regions of transcription, transcription factor association, chromatin structure, and histone modification. These data enabled us to assign biological functions for 80% of the genome, in particular outside of the well-studied protein-coding regions.
Genome - ENCODE data describes function of human genome
Researchers linked more than 80 percent of the human genome sequence to a specific biological function and mapped more than 4 million regulatory regions where proteins specifically interact with the DNA. These findings represent a significant advance in understanding the precise and complex controls over the expression of genetic information within a cell. The findings bring into much sharper focus the continually active genome in which proteins routinely turn genes on and off using sites that are sometimes at great distances from the genes themselves. They also identify where chemical modifications of DNA influence gene expression and where various functional forms of RNA, a form of nucleic acid related to DNA, help regulate the whole system.
Researchers linked more than 80 percent of the human genome sequence to a specific biological function and mapped more than 4 million regulatory regions where proteins specifically interact with the DNA. These findings represent a significant advance in understanding the precise and complex controls over the expression of genetic information within a cell. The findings bring into much sharper focus the continually active genome in which proteins routinely turn genes on and off using sites that are sometimes at great distances from the genes themselves. They also identify where chemical modifications of DNA influence gene expression and where various functional forms of RNA, a form of nucleic acid related to DNA, help regulate the whole system.
M. U. Kaikkonen, M. T.Y. Lam, and C. K. Glass - Non-coding RNAs as regulators of gene expression and epigenetics
Genome-wide studies have revealed that mammalian genomes are pervasively transcribed. This has led to the identification and isolation of novel classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that influence gene expression by a variety of mechanisms.
Genome-wide studies have revealed that mammalian genomes are pervasively transcribed. This has led to the identification and isolation of novel classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that influence gene expression by a variety of mechanisms.
Ryan Charles Pink et al - Pseudogenes: Pseudo-functional or key regulators in health and disease?
Pseudogenes have long been labeled as “junk” DNA, failed copies of genes that arise during the evolution of genomes. However, recent results are challenging this moniker; indeed, some pseudogenes appear to harbor the potential to regulate their protein-coding cousins. Far from being silent relics, many pseudogenes are transcribed into RNA, some exhibiting a tissue-specific pattern of activation.
Pseudogenes have long been labeled as “junk” DNA, failed copies of genes that arise during the evolution of genomes. However, recent results are challenging this moniker; indeed, some pseudogenes appear to harbor the potential to regulate their protein-coding cousins. Far from being silent relics, many pseudogenes are transcribed into RNA, some exhibiting a tissue-specific pattern of activation.
Time - Junk DNA, Not So Useless After All
Researchers report on a new revelation about the human genome: it’s full of active, functioning DNA, and it's a lot more complex than we ever thought.
Researchers report on a new revelation about the human genome: it’s full of active, functioning DNA, and it's a lot more complex than we ever thought.
Thanks to true scientific research by scientists at the prestigious
ENCODE project,
much of the genome that is being disputed by critics is shown to be involved in
epigenetic regulation such as gene expression and appears to be
necessary for the development of complex organisms.
As opposed to what was predicted by evolutionists, with each discovery scientists find out that life is much more
complex than previously thought. As time moves on true
science discovers more and more
specified complexity in the design of life.
Genetics is of course the prime example of this.
Junk science
Nick Matzke -
ENCODE hype? From now on I’ll just reply: #oniontest
Skepticism has arisen spontaneously from all over the scientific blogosphere, facebook, and twitter. You see, most of us scientists know that ENCODE is using an extremely liberal and dubious definition of “function”, basically meaning “some detectable chemical activity”. ... All the evidence for relative nonfunctionality which has been known for decades is still there and hasn’t really changed. ... But I'm beginning to think that certain parts of molecular biology and bioinformatics are populated with people who are very smart, but who got through school with a lot of detailed technical training but without enough broad training in basic comparative biology.
Skepticism has arisen spontaneously from all over the scientific blogosphere, facebook, and twitter. You see, most of us scientists know that ENCODE is using an extremely liberal and dubious definition of “function”, basically meaning “some detectable chemical activity”. ... All the evidence for relative nonfunctionality which has been known for decades is still there and hasn’t really changed. ... But I'm beginning to think that certain parts of molecular biology and bioinformatics are populated with people who are very smart, but who got through school with a lot of detailed technical training but without enough broad training in basic comparative biology.
Panda’s Thumb is a fanatic pro-evolution blog from the world of
mainstream science.
Nick Matzke is a fanatic evolutionist who is closely related to
NCSE. In this article this self-styled "scientist" tries to downplay the hardcore
scientific research done by the prestigious
Human Genome Project.
He even goes as far as to say that those true scientists need more indoctrination from "comparative" biology.
As its name already says, "comparative" biology is based on
metaphysics and the unprovable philosophy
naturalism. Of course it goes without saying that true scientists prefer true
science.
Casey Luskin -
What a Darwin Advocate’s Response...
Darwin-defenders are trying to dismiss this paper as mere "hype". Yes that's right - we're supposed to ignore the intentionally unambiguous abstract of an 18-page Nature paper, the lead out of 30 other simultaneous papers from this project, co-authored by literally hundreds of leading scientists worldwide, because it's "hype."
Darwin-defenders are trying to dismiss this paper as mere "hype". Yes that's right - we're supposed to ignore the intentionally unambiguous abstract of an 18-page Nature paper, the lead out of 30 other simultaneous papers from this project, co-authored by literally hundreds of leading scientists worldwide, because it's "hype."
This response by Casey Luskin says it how it is.
Not surprisingly people like him are fanatically attacked by evolutionists on the internet.
This merely understates the dishonesty and defeat of those biased evolutionists.
Fact remains that vestigiality is a good example for showing the narrow-minded pseudoscience of evolution. But old beliefs die hard.
One of the reasons is because of mainstream science miseducation.
Professor of Surgery William Parker said
"maybe it's time to correct the textbooks ... many biology texts today still refer to the appendix as a 'vestigial organ'.
Another article on Evolution News & Views states
"Textbooks rarely inform students about the important functions of these allegedly vestigial organs and instead simply cite them as evidence for common ancestry.
And again this is correct as is also shown in this article here. Well, here's another very
usefull bodypart with a function especially suitable to
intelligent human beings with the capacity of understanding symbolism...
Wikipedia - Argument from ignorance
The argument from ignorance asserts that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proven false (or vice versa). This represents a type of false dichotomy in that it excludes a third option, which is that there is insufficient investigation and therefore insufficient information to prove the proposition satisfactorily to be either true or false.
The argument from ignorance asserts that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proven false (or vice versa). This represents a type of false dichotomy in that it excludes a third option, which is that there is insufficient investigation and therefore insufficient information to prove the proposition satisfactorily to be either true or false.
Ed Statue - Debunking Human Vestigiality
The problem I have with labeling a body part “vestigial” is that it implies an inflated level of knowledge and understanding on humanity’s part that I find to be unjustified. Scientists are notorious for reversing past discoveries, and it’s only a matter of time before we ascertain the hidden functions of “vestigial” anatomical features.
The problem I have with labeling a body part “vestigial” is that it implies an inflated level of knowledge and understanding on humanity’s part that I find to be unjustified. Scientists are notorious for reversing past discoveries, and it’s only a matter of time before we ascertain the hidden functions of “vestigial” anatomical features.
It is said that the difference between genius and stupidity is that genius has its limits.
The fact that certain people label certain organs or bodyparts useless has much to do with arrogance, narrow-mindedness and
paradigm paralysis.
Links...
Jerry Bergman - Vestigial Organs Are Fully Functional: A History and Evaluation of the Vestigial Organ Origins Concept
Jonathan Wells - The Myth of Junk DNA
Creation Studies - Vestigial Organs: To Function or not to Function, that is the Question
Evolution News - Search: Vestigiality
Guardian - 20 amazing facts about the human body
The Trumpet - Evolution’s ‘Unnecessary’ Organs
Jonathan Wells - The Myth of Junk DNA
Creation Studies - Vestigial Organs: To Function or not to Function, that is the Question
Evolution News - Search: Vestigiality
Guardian - 20 amazing facts about the human body
The Trumpet - Evolution’s ‘Unnecessary’ Organs